Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS); diagnosis, classification, treatment and monitoring

Due to the neoplastic nature of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), they have been renamed as neoplasms in World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 classification. These are heterogeneous groups myeloid disorders characterized by dysplasia bone marrow cells, ineffective hematopoiesis, increased apoptosis, peripheral blood cytopenia, and risk progression acute leukemia (AML). The recent progress understanding pathogenesis these diseases is due emergence next-generation sequencing (NGS) simultaneous interpretation changes cell morphologies, cytogenetics, molecular mutations, which provided conditions for better classification determination efficient prognosis. Based on Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) system, MDS treatment approaches were divided into two groups: low-risk MDS, high-risk MDS. In not main cause death, most patients die a result cytopenia quality life. Therefore, goal improve life patients. However, with possibility AML life-threatening. clinical decisions aim course disease.